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如何用英语表达医学检验的结果？

When it comes to expressing medical test results in English, it is crucial to use clear, concise, and accurate language. The way you communicate these results can greatly impact the understanding and treatment plan of the patient. Below is a detailed guide on how to effectively convey medical test results in English.

1. Understanding the Test Results

Before you can express the results, it is essential to fully understand them. This includes knowing the normal ranges, what the results indicate, and any potential implications. If you are not sure about the results, it is always advisable to consult with a colleague or refer to the laboratory's guidelines.

2. Standard Phrases and Terminology

Here are some standard phrases and terminology that can be used when expressing medical test results:

Normal: "The results are within the normal range."
Abnormal: "The results are outside the normal range."
High: "The results are elevated."
Low: "The results are decreased."
Negative: "The test was negative."
Positive: "The test was positive."
Borderline: "The results are borderline, which may require further investigation."
Refractory: "The patient's condition is refractory to the treatment."
Stable: "The patient's condition is stable."
Deteriorating: "The patient's condition is deteriorating."

3. Structuring the Report

When reporting test results, it is important to structure the information clearly. Here is a suggested format:

Introduction: Begin with a brief introduction stating the purpose of the report and the patient's details (e.g., name, age, date of birth, and medical record number).
Test Description: Describe the test that was performed, including the reason for the test and any specific instructions given to the patient.
Results: Present the results using the standard phrases and terminology mentioned earlier. If there are multiple tests, list them in the order they were performed.
Interpretation: Provide an interpretation of the results, explaining what they mean in the context of the patient's condition. This may include comparisons to normal ranges, previous results, or known associations with certain conditions.
Recommendations: Suggest any further actions or investigations that may be necessary based on the results. This could include additional tests, changes in treatment, or referrals to specialists.
Conclusion: Summarize the key points of the report and any important actions that need to be taken.

4. Example of a Test Result Report

Patient Name: John Doe

Date of Birth: 01/01/1980

Medical Record Number: 12345678



Introduction:

This report presents the results of the blood tests performed on John Doe on 01/01/2023. The tests were conducted to evaluate his overall health and to investigate symptoms of fatigue.



Test Description:

The following tests were performed:

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC)

2. Liver Function Tests (LFT)

3. Thyroid Function Tests (TFT)



Results:

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC):

   - Hemoglobin: 14.0 g/dL (normal range: 13.8-17.2 g/dL)

   - White Blood Cells: 7.2 x 10^9/L (normal range: 4.0-11.0 x 10^9/L)

   - Red Blood Cells: 4.5 x 10^12/L (normal range: 4.2-5.4 x 10^12/L)

   - Platelets: 200 x 10^9/L (normal range: 150-450 x 10^9/L)



2. Liver Function Tests (LFT):

   - Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): 25 U/L (normal range: 7-56 U/L)

   - Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST): 20 U/L (normal range: 8-48 U/L)

   - Alkaline Phosphatase: 100 U/L (normal range: 35-125 U/L)

   - Bilirubin: 0.8 mg/dL (normal range: 0.2-1.2 mg/dL)



3. Thyroid Function Tests (TFT):

   - Thyroxine (T4): 1.5 ng/dL (normal range: 0.8-1.8 ng/dL)

   - Triiodothyronine (T3): 120 ng/dL (normal range: 80-200 ng/dL)

   - Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): 2.0 mIU/L (normal range: 0.4-4.5 mIU/L)



Interpretation:

The CBC results are within the normal range, indicating no significant anemia or leukopenia. The LFT results are also normal, suggesting no liver dysfunction. The TFT results show a normal thyroid function with slightly elevated T3 levels, which may be due to stress or other non-pathological factors.



Recommendations:

No further investigation is required at this time. John Doe should continue with his current lifestyle and follow-up with his primary care physician for routine health checks.



Conclusion:

The blood tests conducted on John Doe on 01/01/2023 are within the normal range, indicating no significant abnormalities. No further action is required at this time.

5. Communication Skills

When conveying test results to patients or their families, it is important to use effective communication skills:

Be Clear and Concise: Avoid medical jargon and explain terms in simple language.
Be Empathetic: Acknowledge the patient's concerns and reassure them.
Be Professional: Maintain a professional demeanor and ensure confidentiality.
Be Open to Questions: Encourage patients to ask questions and provide them with accurate information.

By following these guidelines, you can effectively express medical test results in English, ensuring that patients and healthcare providers have a clear understanding of the findings and any necessary next steps.